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Psychokinesis (from the Greek ψυχή, "psyche", meaning mind, soul, heart, or breath; and κίνησις,
"kinesis", meaning motion, movement; literally
"mind-movement"),[1][2] also referred to as telekinesis[3] (Greek τῆλε + κίνησις, literally "distant-movement") with respect to
strictly describing movement of matter, abbreviated as PK and TK respectively,
is a term coined by publisher Henry Holt[4] to refer to the direct influence of mind on a physical
system that cannot
be entirely accounted for by the mediation of any known physical
energy.[5] Examples of psychokinesis could include distorting or moving an object,[6] and influencing the output of a random number generator.[5][7][8]
The study of phenomena said to
be psychokinetic is part of parapsychology.
Some psychokinesis researchers claim psychokinesis exists and deserves further
study, although the focus of research has shifted away from large-scale
phenomena to attempts to influence dice and then to random number generators.[9][10][11][12]
Most scientists believe that
the existence of psychokinesis has not been convincingly demonstrated.[13] A meta-analysis of 380 studies in 2006 found a "very small" effect which could
possibly be explained by publication bias.[11] PK experiments have historically been criticised for lack of proper
controls and repeatability.[14][15][16] However, some experiments have created illusions of PK where none
exists, and these illusions depend to an extent on the subject's prior belief
in PK.[17][18]
Contents
·
4 Belief
|
Spirit
photography hoaxer Édouard Isidore Buguet[19] (1840-1901) of France fakes telekinesis in this 1875 cabinet card photograph titled Fluidic
Effect.
The term "Telekinesis"
was coined in 1890 by Russian psychical researcher Alexander
N. Aksakof (also
spelled Aksakov).[20][21] The term "Psychokinesis" was coined in 1914[22] by American author-publisher Henry Holt in his book On the Cosmic Relations[23][24] and adopted by his friend, American parapsychologist J. B. Rhine in 1934 in connection with experiments to determine if a person could
influence the outcome of falling dice.[25][26] Both concepts have been described by other terms, such as "remote
influencing", "distant influencing"[27] "remote mental influence", "distant mental
influence",[28] "directed conscious intention", " anomalous
perturbation",[29] and "mind
over matter."[30] Originally telekinesis was coined to refer to the movement of objects
thought to be caused by ghosts of deceased persons, mischievous spirits, angels, demons, or other supernatural forces.[30] Later, when speculation increased that humans might be the source of the
witnessed phenomena not caused by fraudulent mediums[31] and could possibly cause movement without any connection to a spiritualistic setting, such as in a darkened séance room, psychokinesis was added to the lexicon.[30] Eventually, psychokinesis became the term preferred by the
parapsychological community.[25] Popular usage favours the word "telekinesis" to describe the
paranormal movement of objects, perhaps due to the word's resemblance to other
terms, such as telepathy and teleportation. Some early researchers who studied
psychokinesis speculated that within the human body an unidentified fluid termed the "psychode", "psychic force" or "ecteneic force"
existed and was capable of being released to influence matter.[32]This view
was held by Camille
Flammarion[33] and William Crookes,
however a later psychical researcher Hereward
Carrington pointed out
that the fluid was hypothetical and has never been discovered.[34]
As research entered the modern
era, it became clear that many different, but related, abilities could be
attributed to the wider description of psychokinesis and these, along with
telekinesis, are now regarded as the specialties of PK. In the 2004 U.S. Air
Force-sponsored research report Teleportation Physics Study, the physicist-author Eric
Davis, Ph.D., described the distinction between PK and TK as "telekinesis
is a form of PK."[35] The Oxford Dictionary
of Psychology, 2009 edition, also defines psychokinesis in a wider sense as involving
the "movement or change of physical objects," while its definition
for telekinesis only describes "movement."[36] Psychokinesis, then, is the general term that can be used to describe a
variety of complex mental force phenomena (including object movement) and
telekinesis is used to refer only to the movement of objects, however tiny (a grain
of salt, or air molecules to create wind)[37] or large (an automobile, building, or bridge).
A
spontaneous PK case featured on the cover of the French magazine La Vie Mysterieuse in 1911.
Parapsychology researchers describe two basic types of measurable and observable
psychokinetic and telekinetic effects in experimental laboratory research and
in case reports occurring outside of the laboratory.[28][30][38] Micro-PK (also micro-TK) is a very small effect, such as the
manipulation of molecules, atoms,[28] subatomic particles,[28] etc., that can only be observed with scientific equipment. The words are
abbreviations for micro-psychokinesis, micropsychokinesis[37] and micro-telekinesis, microtelekinesis. Macro-PK (also macro-TK) is a
large-scale effect that can be seen with the unaided eye. The adjective phrases
"microscopic-scale," "macroscopic- scale," "small-scale,"
and "large-scale" may also be used; for example, "a small-scale
PK effect."
Spontaneous movements of
objects and other unexplained effects have been reported, and many
parapsychologists believe these are possibly forms of
psychokinesis/telekinesis.[25][30]Parapsychologist William
G. Roll coined the
term "recurrent spontaneous psychokinesis" (RSPK) in 1958.[39][40] The sudden movement of objects without deliberate intention in the
presence or vicinity of one or more witnesses is thought by some to be related
to as-yet-unknown PK/TK processes of the subconscious mind.[37] Researchers use the term "PK agent," especially in spontaneous
cases, to describe someone who is suspected of being the source of the PK
action.[37][41] Outbreaks of spontaneous movements or other effects, such as in a
private home, and especially those involving violent or physiological effects,
such as objects hitting people or scratches or other marks on the body, are
sometimes investigated as poltergeist cases.[42]
§
Telekinesis: movement of matter at the micro or macro (visible objects, life forms, etc.) levels; move, lift, agitate,
vibrate, spin, bend, break, or impact.
§
Speed up or slow down the naturally occurring vibrations
of atoms in matter to
alter temperature,[43] possibly to the point of ignition if combustible (also known as pyrokinesis when speeding up vibrations, and cryokinesis when slowing them down).[44]
§
Influencing events (sports, gambling, election,
prolongation of life, etc.).[45]
§
Biological healing.[46]
§
Phasing through matter.[45]
§
Energy shield (force field).[50]
§
Control of magnetism.[45]
§
Thoughtform projection aka telepathic projection (a physically perceived person, animal, creature, object,
ghostly entity, etc., created in the mind and projected into three-dimensional
space and observable by others; for thought images allegedly placed on film,
seeThoughtography).[52][53]
In September 2006, a survey
about belief in various religious and paranormal topics conducted by phone and
mail-in questionnaire polledAmericans on
their belief in telekinesis. Of these participants, 28% of male participants
and 31% of female participants selected "agree" or "strongly
agree" with the statement "It is possible to influence the world
through the mind alone". There were 1,721 participants, and the poll
had a margin of error of plus or minus 4%.[54]
In April 2008, British
psychologist and skeptic Richard Wiseman published the results of an online survey he conducted entitled
"Magicians and the Paranormal: A Survey," in which 400 magicians
worldwide participated. For the question Do you believe that psychokinesis exists (i.e., that some people can, by
paranormal means, apply a noticeable force to an object or alter its physical
characteristics)?, the results were as follows: No 83.5%, Yes 9%,
Uncertain 7.5%.[55]
Eusapia Palladino "levitates" a table while researcher Alexander
Aksakof (right)
monitors for fraud, Milan, 1892.
§
Martin Caidin (1927–1997), the author whose 1972 novel Cyborg was used as the basis for the television series The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman, claimed to be able to cause movement by means of telekinesis in one or
multiple small tabletop "energy wheels," also known as psi wheels beginning in the mid 1980s.[56][57][58]Parapsychologist Loyd
Auerbach, a friend of Caidin's who sometimes accompanied him in
demonstrations and workshops, reiterated a strong endorsement of him in his
June 2004 Fate magazine column: "Martin Caidin was capable of moving things with
his mind."[59] James Randi offered to test Caidin's claimed abilities in 1994.[60] In September 2004, Randi wrote: "He frantically avoided accepting
my challenge by refusing even the simplest of proposed control protocols, but
he never tired of running on about how I would not test him."[60]
§
Uri
Geller (1946 – ),
the Israeli famous for his spoon
bending demonstrations,
allegedly by PK.[30] Geller has been caught many times using sleight of hand[61] and according to author Terence Hines, all his effects have been
recreated using conjuring tricks.[62]
§
Many of India's "godmen" have claimed macro-PK abilities and demonstrated apparently miraculous
phenomena in public, although as more controls are put in place to prevent
trickery, fewer phenomena are produced.[63] Perhaps the most notable is the spectacular allegation of Mahaavatar
Babaji's materialization of an entire palace, mentioned in Paramahamsa
Yogananda's classic Autobiography of a Yogi.
§
Nina Kulagina (1926–1990), who came to wide public attention following the publication
of Sheila Ostrander and Lynn Schroeder's best seller, Psychic Discoveries
Behind The Iron Curtain. The alleged Soviet psychic of the late 1960s and early
1970s was filmed apparently performing telekinesis while seated in numerous
black-and-white short films,[30][64][65] mentioned in the U.S. Defence
Intelligence Agency report from
1978.[66]
§
Matthew Manning (1955 – ) of the United Kingdom was the subject of laboratory research
in the United States and England involving PK in the late 1970s and today
claims healing powers.[30][31]
§
Eusapia Palladino (1854–1918; alternate spelling: Eusapia Paladino) was an Italian medium
who allegedly could cause objects to move during seances and was endorsed by
world famous magician Howard Thurston (1869–1936), who said he witnessed her levitation of a table.[67]
§
Swami
Rama (1925–1996),
a yogi skilled in controlling his heart functions who was studied at the Menninger
Foundation in the
spring and fall of 1970, and was alleged by some observers at the foundation to
have telekinetically moved a knitting needle twice from a distance of five
feet.[68] Although Swami Rama wore a facemask and gown to prevent allegations that
he moved the needle with his breath or body movements, and air vents in the
room had been covered, at least one physician observer who was present at the
time was not convinced and expressed the opinion that air movement was somehow
the cause.[69]
Alleged psychokinetic events
have been witnessed by psychologists in the United States,[70][71][72] and elsewhere in the world by professionals with medical degrees,[72][73] physicists,[74]
electrical engineers,[71] military personnel,[75] police officers,[76] and
other professionals and ordinary citizens. Robert
M. Schoch Ph.D.,
professor at Boston University, has written "I do believe that some
psychokinesis is real" referring to the evidence for micro-psychokinesis
obtained by the Princeton PEAR laboratory experiments and similar studies and
some reports of macro-RSPK observed in poltergeist cases. He reports once
seeing a book "jumping off a shelf" while in a room where a female
psychokinesis agent was also present.[77] Best-selling author and medical doctor Michael
Crichtondescribed what he termed a "successful experience"
with psychokinesis at a "spoon bending party" in his 1988 book Travels.[73] Senior Scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences, author Dean Radin has reported that he, like Michael Crichton, was able to bend the bowl
of a spoon over with unexplained ease of force with witnesses present at a
different informal PK experiment gathering. He described his experience in his
2006 book Entangled
Minds: Extrasensory Experiences in a Quantum Reality and online (with photos).[71] AuthorMichael Talbot (1953–1992) described a variety of spontaneous psychokinetic events he
experienced and were witnessed by family and friends in two of his books, Beyond the Quantum and The
Holographic Universe.
French biologist Remy Chauvin carried out a number of experiments to test psychokinesis. Because of
the results of one of the experiments, Chauvin came to believe that mind can
influence matter.[78] Chauvin's experiment involved using a uranium isotope, aGeiger counter and several assistants. Some parapsychologists have written that
ordinary people may be able to influence biologicalorganisms from distance such as the growth rates of fungi and bacteria.[79] Carroll Nash (1984) reported that human subjects could use their
psychokinetic ability to influence the rate at which bacterial genes mutate.[80]
Anecdotes such as these -
stories by eyewitnesses outside of controlled conditions - are considered
insufficient evidence by the majority of scientists to establish the scientific
validity of psychokinesis.[28][81]
"PK Parties" were a
cultural fad in the 1980s, where groups of people were guided through rituals
and chants to awaken metal-bending powers. They were encouraged to shout at the
items of cutlery they had brought and to jump and scream to create an
atmosphere of pandemonium (or what scientific investigators called heightened suggestibility).
Critics were excluded and participants were told to avoid looking at their
hands. Thousands of people attended these emotionally charged parties, and many
became convinced that they had bent silverware by paranormal means.[82]
If PK were to exist as claimed
by some experimenters, it would violate some well-established laws of physics,
including the inverse
square law, the second law of thermodynamics, and the conservation of momentum, according to Martin
Gardner and Thomas
Gilovich.[83][84] Hence scientists have demanded a high standard of evidence for PK, in
line with Marcello Truzzi's
dictum "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof".[15][85] When apparent PK can be produced in ordinary ways—by trickery, special
effects or by poor experimental design—scientists accept that explanation as
more parsimonious than to accept that the laws
of physics should be
rewritten.[28]
The late Carl Sagan included telekinesis in a long list of "offerings of pseudoscience
and superstition" which "it would be foolish to accept (...) without
solid scientific data" though even highly improbable claims may possibly
be eventually verified. He placed the burden of proof on the proponents, but cautioned readers to "await—or, much better,
to seek—supporting or disconfirming evidence" for claims that have not
been resolved either way.[86] Nobel Prize laureate Richard
Feynman advocated a
similar position.[87]
Nobel laureate Brian Josephsoncoauthored
a 1991 scientific paper that agreed with the theories of earlier published
researchers that consciousness and the creative mind could have a role in
affecting the statistical outcomes of quantum phenomena.[88]
In their 1991 research paper Biological Utilization of Quantum Nonlocality, Nobel
Prize laureate Brian Josephson and coauthor Fotini Pallikara-Viras proposed that explanations for both
psychokinesis and telepathy might be found in quantum physics.[88][89] Gerald
Feinberg's concept of a tachyon, a
theoretical particle that travels faster than the speed of light has been
advocated by some parapsychologists who claim that it could explain
psychokinesis.[90] Haakon Forwald (1897-1978) a Swedish electrical engineer suggested that
psychokinesis of objects could occur due to gravitational fields produced by
mental influence acting on neutrons in the atoms inside the objects, however his hypothesis has never been proven and
critics have pointed out his hypothesis is faulted by general
relativity.[91][92]
There is a broad consensus,
including several proponents of parapsychology, that PK research, and
parapsychology more generally, has not produced a reliable, repeatable
demonstration.[13][15][93][94]
In 1984, the United States National Academy of Sciences, at
the request of the US Army Research Institute, formed a scientific panel to
assess the best evidence from 130 years of parapsychology. Part of its purpose
was to investigate military applications of PK, for example to remotely jam or
disrupt enemy weaponry. The panel heard from a variety of military staff who
believed in PK and made visits to the PEAR laboratory and two other laboratories that had claimed positive results from
micro-PK experiments.
The panel criticised macro-PK
experiments for being open to deception by conjurors, and said that virtually
all micro-PK experiments "depart from good scientific practice in a
variety of ways". Their conclusion, published in a 1987 report, was that
there was no scientific evidence for the existence of psychokinesis. Parapsychology
advocates responded by accusing the panel of bias.[95]
Research with random number
generators has been influenced by signal detection theory, viewing the effect of PK as
weak but real "signal" hidden in the "noise" of
experimental results. An effect too weak to be demonstrated in a replicable
experiment would still show up as a statistically significant effect in a large
set of data. To test this, parapsychologists have carried out meta-analyses of large data sets, with apparently impressive positive results.[96] This has in turn been criticized as an invalid use of meta-analysis,
since the original studies are too dissimilar for the resulting statistics to
be meaningful.[12] A 2006 meta-analysis of 380 studies found a small positive effect within
the margin that could be explained by publication
bias.[11]
Physicist Robert
L. Park finds it
suspicious that a phenomenon should only ever appear at the limits of
detectability of questionable statistical techniques. He cites this feature as
one of Irving Langmuir's
indicators of pathological
science. Park argues that if PK really existed it would be easily
and unambiguously detectable, for example using modern microbalances which can detect tiny amounts of force.[94]
PK hypotheses are also tested
implicitly in a number of contexts outside parapsychological experiments.
Gardner considers a dice game played in casinos, where gamblers have a large
incentive to affect the numbers that come up. This is in effect a large
sample-size test of the same hypothesis as the J. B. Rhine dice experiments,
but year after year the house takings are exactly those predicted by chance.[97] Psychologist Nicholas Humphrey argues that many experiments in psychology, biology or physics assume that the intentions of the subjects or experimenter do not physically
distort the apparatus. Humphrey counts them as replications of PK experiments
(but implicitly so) in which PK fails to appear.[15]
In the book Parapsychology: The Controversial Science (1991), British parapsychologist Richard S. Broughton, Ph.D, wrote of
the differences of opinion among top scientists encountered by Robert
G. Jahn, director of the (now-closed) PEAR laboratory, regarding the psychokinesis
research that the lab was engaged in at the time.[28]
Cognitive bias research has been interpreted to argue that people are susceptible to
illusions of PK. These include both the illusion that they themselves have the
power, and that events they witness are real demonstrations of PK.[98] For example, Illusion
of control is anillusory
correlation between
intention and external events, and believers in the paranormal have been shown
to be more susceptible to this illusion than skeptics.[17][99] Psychologist Thomas Gilovich explains this as a biased interpretation of personal experience. For
example, to someone in a dice game willing for a high score, high numbers can
be interpreted as "success" and low numbers as "not enough
concentration."[84] Bias towards belief in PK may be an example of the human
tendency to see patterns where none exist, which believers are also
more susceptible to.[98]
A 1952 study tested for experimenter's
bias in a PK
context. Richard Kaufman of Yale
University gave
subjects the task of trying to influence eight dice and allowed them to record
their own scores. They were secretly filmed, so their records could be checked
for errors. The results in each case were random and provided no evidence for
PK, but believers made errors that favoured the PK hypothesis, while
disbelievers made opposite errors. A similar pattern of errors was found in J.
B. Rhine's dice experiments which at that time were the strongest
evidence for PK.[100]
Wiseman and Morris (1995) showed
subjects an unedited videotape of a magician's performance in which a fork bent
and eventually broke. Believers in the paranormal were significantly more
likely to misinterpret the tape as a demonstration of PK, and were more likely
to misremember crucial details of the presentation. This suggests that confirmation
bias affects
people's interpretation of PK demonstrations.[18] Psychologist Robert Sternberg cites confirmation bias as an explanation of why belief in psi phenomena
persists, despite the lack of evidence: "[P]eople want to believe, and so
they find ways to believe."[101]
Psychologist Daniel
Wegner has argued
that an introspection illusion contributes to belief in psychokinesis.[102] He observes that in everyday experience, intention (such as wanting to
turn on a light) is followed by action (such as flicking a light switch) in a
reliable way, but the underlying neural mechanisms are outside awareness. Hence
though subjects may feel that they directly introspect their ownfree will, the
experience of control is actually inferred from relations between the thought
and the action. This theory of apparent mental causation acknowledges the influence of David Hume's view of
the mind.[102] This process for detecting when one is responsible for an action is not
totally reliable, and when it goes wrong there can be an illusion
of control. This could happen when a external event follows, and is
congruent with, a thought in someone's mind, without an actual causal link.[102]
As evidence, Wegner cites a
series of experiments on magical thinking in which subjects were induced to think they had influenced external
events. In one experiment, subjects watched a basketball player taking a series of free throws. When
they were instructed to visualise him making his shots, they felt that they had
contributed to his success.[103]
Magicians,
sleight-of-hand-artists, etc., have successfully simulated some of the
specialized abilities of PK (object movement, spoon
bending, levitation, teleportation), but not all of the feats of
claimed spontaneous and intentional psychokinesis have been reproduced under
the same observed conditions as the original.[28] According to philosopher Robert
Todd Carroll, there are many impressive magic tricks available to
amateurs and professionals to simulate psychokinetic powers.[104] These can be purchased on the Internet from magic supply companies.
Metal objects such as keys or cutlery can be bent by a number of different
techniques, even if the performer has not had access to them beforehand.[105] Amateur-made videos alleging to show feats of psychokinesis,
particularly spoon bending and the telekinetic movement of objects, can be
found on video-sharing websites such as YouTube. Critics point out that it is
now easier than ever for the average person to fake psychokinetic events and
that without more concrete proof, the topic, apart from its enjoyment in
fiction, will continue to remain controversial.[44]
The need for PK researchers to
be aware of conjuring techniques was illustrated by events in the early 1980s.
The McDonnell Laboratory for Psychical Research at Washington University
reported a series of experiments in which two subjects had demonstrated PK
phenomena (including metal-bending and causing images to appear on film) and
other psychic powers under laboratory conditions. Magician James Randi revealed that the subjects were two of his associates, amateur conjurers
Steve Shaw and Michael Edwards. The pair had created the effects by standard
trickery, but the researchers, being unfamiliar with magic techniques,
interpreted them as proof of PK. The laboratory closed not long after.[106]
Internationally, there are
several individual skeptics of the paranormal and skeptics' organizations who offer cash prize money for demonstration of the existence of an
extraordinary psychic power, such as psychokinesis. Experimental design must be
agreed upon prior to execution, and additional conditions, such as a minimum
level of fame, may be imposed. Prizes have been offered specifically for PK
demonstrations, for example businessman Gerald Fleming's offer of £250,000
to Uri Geller if he can bend a spoon under controlled conditions.[107] These prizes remain uncollected by people claiming to possess paranormal
abilities.
The James Randi Educational Foundation offers US$1,000,000 to anyone who has a demonstrated
media profile as well as the support from some member of the academic
community, and who can produce a paranormal event, such as psychokinesis, in a
controlled, mutually agreed upon experiment.
There are written accounts and
oral legends of events fitting the description of psychokinesis dating back to
early history, most notably in the stories found in various religions and
mythology. In the Bible, for example, Jesus is described as transmuting water
into wine, an act some have described as an example of psychokinesis,[108] healing the sick, and multiplying food.[109]
Mythological beings, such as
witches, have been described as levitating people, animals, and objects.[110] The court wizard and prophetMerlin in the King Arthur legend, is said to have used his power to transport Stonehenge across the sea to England from Ireland.[111]
Psychokinesis has been an
aspect in movies, television, computer games, literature, and other forms of
popular culture, often presented as a superpower.
An early example is the 1952 novella Telek by Jack Vance. Notable
portrayals of psychokinetic characters includeSissy Spacek as a troubled high school student in the 1976 film Carrie, based on the Stephen King novel
of the same name, and Ellen
Burstyn in the
healer-themed film Resurrection (1980).[112][113] Psychokinesis is also commonly used as a power in a large number ofvideogames and role playing games.
§ Nensha
§ Psi
§ Psionics
|
1.
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alleged movements without contact... M. Aksakof's new word 'telekinetic' seems
to me the best attainable." Note: this quote as a cited reference can
also be seen on page 722 in the multivolume "The Oxford English
Dictionary, Second Edition", 1989, Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, ISBN 978-0-19-861229-2." The "M.
Aksakof" is actually "A. Aksakof," as indicated in this 1896
quarterly journal Borderland
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22. ^ ed. in chief Frederick C. Mish (2005). Merriam-Webster's
Collegiate Dictionary, Eleventh Edition. Springfield,
Massachusetts, USA: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. p. 1004.ISBN 978-0-87779-809-5. OCLC 146761465.
"Psychokinesis (1914)...."
23. ^ "Parapsychology Foundation "Basic terms in
Parapsychology"". Archived from
the original on 2011-08-27. Retrieved December 22, 2006.
24. ^ Holt, Henry (1914)
(PDF). On the Cosmic Relations. Cambridge:
Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
25. ^ a b c Spence, Lewis
(2003-02-01). Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology.
Kessinger Publishing (reprint publisher). pp. 752–753, 879, 912,
933. ISBN 978-0-7661-2817-0.
27. ^ "Overview of Current Parapsychology Research in the
Former Soviet Union, Introduction" (PDF). Subtle
Energies Volume 3, Number 3. 1992. p. 1. Retrieved July 3, 2007.
"AMP research programs in the Soviet Union have primarily focused on
experimental studies in 'distant influence' on animate an inanimate systems;
i.e., psychokinesis (PK) and bio-PK."
28. ^ a b c d e f g h Broughton, Richard S.
(1991-07-30).Parapsychology: The Controversial Science.
New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 35, 75–79, 149, 161–162, 329–330.ISBN 978-0-345-35638-3.
29. ^ "Overview of Current Parapsychology Research in the
Former Soviet Union, Abstract" (PDF). Subtle
Energies Volume 3, Number 3. 1992. p. 1. Retrieved July 3, 2007.
"The authors primarily discuss experiments in anomalous perturbation
(often referred to as psychokinesis—PK and bio- which have been the main focus
of AMP research programs in the Soviet Union."
30. ^ a b c d e f g h Berger, Arthur S.;
Berger, Joyce (1991-02). The Encyclopedia of Parapsychological and Psychical
Research. New York: Paragon House. pp. 326, 341, 430. ISBN 978-1-55778-043-0.
31. ^ a b editor in chief, Richard
Cavendish ; editorial board, C.A. Burland ... [et al.] ; new edition
edited and compiled by Richard Cavendish and Brian Innes.; Brian Innes (1995)
[1970]. Man, Myth & Magic: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of
Mythology, Religion, and the Unknown. New York: Marshall
Cavendish Corporation. p. 2442. ISBN 978-1-85435-731-1.OCLC 228665658.
"Spiritualism aroused violent antagonism and criticism concentrating
particularly on the physical phenomena occurring at seances, which opponents
claimed were faked." Page 1626, v. 12: entry on Matthew Manning.
34. ^ Hereward Carrington Eusapia
Palladino and Her PhenomenaKessinger Reprint Edition, 2003, p. 267
35. ^ Davis, Eric; physicist, Ph.D, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory,
2004. "Teleportation Physics Study" (PDF).
p. 55. Retrieved July 19, 2006. "Telekinesis is a form of PK, which
describes the movement of stationary objects without the use of any known
physical force."
36. ^ Colman, Andrew M. (2009). A Dictionary of Psychology.
New York City: Oxford University
Press, Inc.. ISBN 9780199534067.
37. ^ a b c d e Guiley, Rosemary
Ellen (2001-07-17). Encyclopedia of the Strange,
Mystical & Unexplained. New York: Gramercy Books. pp. 454, 456, 478,
609. ISBN 978-0-517-16278-1.
39. ^ Roll, William G.; Pratt, J. G. (1958). The Seaford
Disturbances. Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 2,. pp. 79–124.
41. ^ Pratt, J. G.; Stevenson, Ian (Vol. 70, January 1976). An
Instance of Possible Metal-Bending Indirectly Related to Uri Geller. The
Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. "As far as I can
say, no one in the apartment that night would take credit for being the
responsible PK agent."
42. ^ Reader's digest ; [chief contributing writer, Richard
Marshall ; contributing writers, Monte Davis, Valerie Moolman, Georg Zappler].
(1990). Mysteries of the Unexplained. Readers
Digest Association. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-89577-146-9.OCLC 10605367.
"Attempting to understand the forces at work, researchers in
parapsychology have hypothesized that the poltergeist's feats in moving objects
(which are seen to fly in violation of the laws of gravity, gliding, rising,
and turning corners) are examples of psychokinesis, or PK—the ability to
influence inanimate objects by mind power."
43. ^ Kakalios, James (2005-10-04). The
Physics of Superheores. New York: Gotham Books/Penguin Group,
Inc.. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-59240-146-8.
"Knowing that all matter is composed of atoms, we now recognize that when
an object is "hot," the kinetic energy of the constituent atoms
is large, while when an object is 'cold,' the kinetic energy of the atoms is
lower."
44. ^ a b Genzmer, Herbert;
Hellenbrand, Ulrich (2007-03)."Psychokinesis". Mysteries
of the World: Unexplained Wonders and Mysterious Phenomena. Bath, United
Kingdom: Parragon Books Ltd. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-4054-9022-1.
45. ^ a b c d e f the editors of Time-Life
Books. (1988-11). Mind Over Matter (volume of Mysteries of the Unknown
encyclopedia series). New York: Time-Life Books. pp. 7–8,
27, 82, 85.ISBN 978-0-8094-6336-7. OCLC 17877875.
46. ^ Hathaway, Michael R. (2003-09-01). "Glossary". The
Everything Psychic Book. Avon, Massachusetts, USA: Adams Media / F+W
Publications Company. pp. 139, 271. ISBN 978-1-58062-969-0.
"Psychokinesis. The ability to levitate, move objects, heal, and
manipulate psychic energy...Psychokinesis is the ability to...create
healing."
47. ^ ed. in chief Frederick C. Mish (2004). Merriam-Webster's
Collegiate Dictionary, Eleventh Edition. Springfield,
Massachusetts, USA: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. p. 1284.ISBN 978-0-87779-809-5. OCLC 146761465.
"Teleportation. The act or process of moving an object or person by
psychokinesis."
48. ^ Colman, Andrew M. (2001). Dictionary
of Psychology. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press.
p. 599. ISBN 978-0-19-866211-2.
"Psychokinesis. The movement or change of physical objects by mental
processes"
49. ^ editor in chief, Richard Cavendish ; editorial board, C.A.
Burland ... [et al.] ; new edition edited and compiled by Richard
Cavendish and Brian Innes.; Brian Innes (1995). Man,
Myth & Magic: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Mythology, Religion, and the
Unknown. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation.
p. 2354. ISBN 978-1-85435-731-1. OCLC 228665658.
"Shape-shifting. The idea that it is possible, in certain circumstances,
for men to change their natural bodily form... Sorcerers also, and some great
heroes, were believed to have the same power, by virtue of magical knowledge or
some innate quality; and so, though more rarely, were a few otherwise ordinary
people who acquired the gift through possession of a charm or the performance
of a ritual act."
50. ^ "Mass Media Funk". The
Skeptic's Dictionary. Retrieved February 27, 2007. "Those who practice
TT [Therapeutic Touch] believe they are able to move 'energy,' some sort of psychic
force field or chi which they believe permeates the body and surrounding
aura."
51. ^ Bersani, F.; Martelli, A. (1983). Psychoenergetics: The
Journal of Psychophysical Systems. United Kingdom: Gordon and Breach
Science Publishers. pp. 99–128. "The effects observed range from the
typical bending of metal objects, such as spoons, keys, bars, etc., to strange
effects like light flashes and teleportation."
52. ^ McCoy, Edain (1999-03-01). Astral
Projection for beginners. Woodbury, Minnesota: Llewllyn
Publications. p. 207. ISBN 978-1-56718-625-3.
"Creative visualization is the practice of mentally envisioning a desired
outcome, infusing it with personal energy, and then releasing it to the cosmos
so that it can grow to manifest in the physical. While all that sounds unduly
complicated, what it boils down to is that it creates a thoughtform on the
astral plane that, with proper effort, can be brought into the physical
world."
53. ^ editor in chief, Richard Cavendish ; editorial board, C.A.
Burland ... [et al.] ; new edition edited and compiled by Richard
Cavendish and Brian Innes.; Brian Innes (1995). Man,
Myth & Magic: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Mythology, Religion, and the
Unknown. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation.
p. 2679. ISBN 978-1-85435-731-1. OCLC 228665658.
"The evocation of a tulpa, an entity created entirely by an
act of the imagination, was described by Alexandra David-Néel in her book Magic
and"
54. ^ Study conducted by the Gallup Organization between
October 8, 2005 and December 12, 2005 on behalf of the Baylor Institute for
Studies of Religion, Baylor University, of Waco, Texas, in the United States.
56. ^ Caidin, Martin (January 1994). "Telekinesis". Fate (Lakeville,
USA: Llewellyn Publications/Galde Press, Inc.).
57. ^ Auerbach, Loyd (1996-05-01). Mind
Over Matter. Kensington Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-1-57566-047-9.
58. ^ Heath, Pamela Rae (2011-02-24). Mind-Matter
Interaction: A Review of Historical Reports, Theory and Research.
Jefferson, North Carolina USA: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-4971-2.
59. ^ Auerbach, Loyd (June 2004). "The Psychokinetic
Zone". Fate(Lakeville, USA: Galde Press, Inc.). Monthly
column "Psychic Frontiers"
61. ^ Hines, Terence (2003). Pseudoscience
and the Paranormal(2nd ed.). Prometheus. p. 126. ISBN 978-1-57392-979-0.
62. ^ Hines, Terence (2003). Pseudoscience
and the Paranormal(2nd ed.). Prometheus. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-57392-979-0.
63. ^ Wiseman, Richard (1997). Deception
& Self-deception: Investigating Psychics. Prometheus
Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-121-3. chapters
6-8
64. ^ J. Gaither Pratt, H. H. Jürgen Keil (1973). First Hand
Observations of Nina S. Kulagina Suggestive of PK on Static Objects. 67.
Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. pp. 381–390.
65. ^ Jürgen Keil (1984) (in German). Parapsychologie in der
Sowjetunion. 26. Zeitschrift für Parapsychologie und
Grenzgebiete der Psychologie. pp. 191–210.
66. ^ Paraphysics R&D - Warsaw Pact (U). Prepared by U.S.
Air Force, Air Force Systems Command Foreign Technology Division.
DST-1810S-202-78, Nr. DIA TASK NO. PT-1810-18-76. Defense
Intelligence Agency. 30. March 1978. pp. 7–8. "G.A. Sergevev is known
to have studied Nina Kulagina, a well-known psychic from Leningrad. Although no
detailed results are available, Sergevev's inferences are that she was
successful in repeating psychokinetic phenomena under controlled conditions.
G.A. Sergevev is a well-respected researcher and has been active in paraphysics
research since the early 1960's."
67. ^ Muldoon, Sylvan (1947). Psychic Experiences of Famous
People. Chicago: Aries Press. pp. 55–56. See endorsement quote by
Thurston at Eusapia Palladino article. Text of entire book also available at
google.books.com
68. ^ Green, Elmer; Alyce Green (1977). Beyond
Biofeedback. Knoll Publishing Co. pp. 197–218. ISBN 978-0-440-00583-4.
69. ^ "http://www.swamij.com/pdf/swami-rama-beyond-biofeedback.pdf" (PDF).
pp. 12–16. Retrieved July 24, 2007.Elmer Green's description of Swami
Rama's alleged psychokinetic demonstration (with illustrations).
70. ^ Roll, William G.; Storey, Valerie (2004-05-18). Unleashed
— Of Poltergeists and Murder: The Curious Story of Tina Resch.
New York: Paraview Pocket Books/Simon and Schuster.ISBN 978-0-7434-8294-3. OCLC 55117933. William G. Roll, Ph.D., and Jeannie Lagle
(Masters degree) both state that they witnessed psychokinesis involving Tina Resch. Roll additionally reports numerous
other cases he investigated.
73. ^ a b "Official website of Michael Crichton".
Retrieved March 27, 2012. See also, same site: Spoonbending.
74. ^ Hasted, John B. (1981-03-05). The
Metal Benders. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. ISBN 978-0-7100-0597-7.OCLC 7923491.John
B. Hasted (1921-2002), Ph.D., Physics professor, University of London. In his
book The Metal- Benders, he describes his research of psychokinesis
claimants and psychokinesis events he personally witnessed.
75. ^ Ronson, Jon (2006-04-04). The
Men Who Stare at Goats. New York: Simon & Schuster.
pp. 63, (Back cover). ISBN 978-0-7432-7060-1."In
1979, a secret unit was established by the most gifted minds within the US
Army. Defying all known accepted military practice—and indeed, the laws of
physics—they believed that a soldier could adopt a cloak of invisibility, pass
cleanly through walls, and, perhaps most chillingly, kill goats just by staring
at them."; "Lenny from Special Forces disappeared into the room where
the goat was. He came back and answered, with surprise and solemnity, "The
goat is down.'"
76. ^ Roll, William G.; Storey, Valerie (2004-05-18). Unleashed
— Of Poltergeists and Murder: The Curious Story of Tina Resch.
New York: Paraview Pocket Books/Simon and Schuster.ISBN 978-0-7434-8294-3. OCLC 55117933. Two
police officers witnessed alleged psychokinetic activity in the Resch home in
the 1984 Columbus poltergeist case.
77. ^ Schoch, Robert M. (January/February 2008). "Psychokinesis: A
Scientist Searches for the Reality Behind PK's Representations". Atlantis
Rising (Livingston, Montana USA): 42–43, 70–71.
79. ^ Barry, J. (1968). General and comparative study of the
psychokinetic effect on fungus culture. Journal of Parapsychology, 32, 237–243
also see Barry, J. (1968). PK on fungus growth. Journal of Parapsychology, 32,
55. (Abstract.)
80. ^ Nash, C. B. (1984). Test of psychokinetic control of bacterial
mutation. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 78, 145–152.
81. ^ Hennacy Powell, M.D., Diane (2009-01-13). The
ESP Enigma: The Scientific Case for Psychic Phenomena. New York:
Walker & Company. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-8027-1606-4.
82. ^ Frazier, Kendrick (1990-12-31). "Improving
Human Performance: What About Parapsychology?". In Kendrick
Frazier. The Hundredth Monkey and Other Paradigms of the Paranormal.
Prometheus Books. pp. 156–157. ISBN 978-0-87975-655-0.
83. ^ Gardner, Martin (1981-09). "Einstein
and ESP". In Kendrick Frazier. Paranormal Borderlands
of Science. Prometheus. pp. 60–65. ISBN 978-0-87975-148-7.
84. ^ a b Gilovich, Thomas
(1993). How We Know What Isn't So: The fallibility of human
reason in everyday life. Simon & Schuster.
pp. 174–175. ISBN 978-0-02-911706-4.
85. ^ Sutherland, Stuart (1994). Irrationality:
the enemy within. Penguin books. p. 309. ISBN 978-0-14-016726-9.
"[T]he movement of objects without the application of physical force
would, if proven, require a complete revision of the laws of physics. (...)
[T]he more improbable something is, the better the evidence needed to accept
it"
86. ^ Sagan, Carl (1995). The Demon-Haunted
World: Science as a candle in the dark. Headline.
pp. 208–212. ISBN 978-0-7472-7745-3. http://books.google.com/?id=CYo7PgAACAAJ.
87. ^ Feynman, Richard P. (1999-02-01). The Meaning of It All.
Penguin. pp. 68–71. ISBN 978-0-14-027635-0.http://books.google.com/?id=AdGBQwAACAAJ.
88. ^ a b Josephson, Brian D.;
Pallikari-Viras, Fotini. "Biological Utilization of Quantum Nonlocality".
Retrieved December 18, 2008. Foundations in Physics, Vol. 21, pp.
197-207, 1991, Plenum Press, New York.
89. ^ Michael Hanlon (2007-05-29). 10
Questions Science Can't Answer (Yet). New York: Macmillan.
pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-0-230-51758-5.
91. ^ Haakon Forwald Mind, matter, and gravitation: a
theoretical and experimental study Parapsychology Foundation, 1969
93. ^ Gilovich, Thomas (1993). How
We Know What Isn't So: The fallibility of human reason in everyday life.
Simon & Schuster. pp. 160, 169. ISBN 978-0-02-911706-4.
94. ^ a b Park, Robert L. (2002-07). Voodoo
Science: The road from foolishness to fraud. Oxford University
Press. pp. 198–200.ISBN 978-0-19-860443-3.
95. ^ Frazier, Kendrick (1990-12-31). "Improving
Human Performance: What About Parapsychology?". In Kendrick
Frazier. The Hundredth Monkey and Other Paradigms of the Paranormal.
Prometheus Books. pp. 149–161. ISBN 978-0-87975-655-0.
96. ^ Radin, Dean (1997). The
Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena. HarperEdge.
97. ^ Gardner, Martin (1957). Fads
& Fallacies in the Name of Science. Dover. p. 307. ISBN 978-0-486-20394-2.http://books.google.com/?id=TwP3SGAUsnkC.
98. ^ a b Blackmore, Susan J.
(1992). "Psychic Experiences: Psychic Illusions". Skeptical
Inquirer 16: 367–376.
99. ^ Blackmore, Susan J.; Tom Trościanko (1985). "Belief in the paranormal Probability judgements,
illusory control, and the "chance baseline shift."". British
Journal of Psychology 76 (4): 459–468. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1985.tb01969.x. Retrieved
2008-11-16.
100. ^ Gardner, Martin (1957). Fads
& Fallacies in the Name of Science. Dover. p. 306. ISBN 978-0-486-20394-2.http://books.google.com/?id=TwP3SGAUsnkC.
101. ^ Sternberg, Robert J.; Henry L. Roediger, Diane F. Halpern
(2007). "Critical Thinking in Psychology: It really is
critical". In Robert J. Sternberg, Henry L. Roediger, Diane F.
Halpern.Critical Thinking in Psychology. Cambridge University Press.
p. 292. ISBN 978-0-521-60834-3.
"Some of the worst examples of confirmation bias are in research on
parapsychology (...) Arguably, there is a whole field here with no powerful
confirming data at all. But people want to believe, and so they find ways to
believe."
102. ^ a b c Wegner, Daniel M.; James
C. Kaufman, Roy F. Baumeister (2008). "Self is Magic". In John Baer, James
C. Kaufman, Roy F. Baumeister. Are we free?: psychology and free will.
New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518963-6.
Retrieved 2008-07-02.
103. ^ Pronin, Emily; Daniel M. Wegner, Kimberly McCarthy, Sylvia
Rodriguez (2006). "Everyday Magical Powers: The Role of Apparent
Mental Causation in the Overestimation of Personal Influence". Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology(American Psychological
Association) 91 (2): 218–231.doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.2.218. ISSN 0022-3514.PMID 16881760.
Retrieved 2009-07-03.
104. ^ Carroll, Robert Todd (2003-07-17). "Psychokinesis". The
Skeptic's Dictionary: a collection of strange beliefs, amusing deceptions, and
dangerous delusions. Wiley. p. 316. ISBN 978-0-471-27242-7.
105. ^ Hines, Terence (2003). Pseudoscience
and the Paranormal(2nd ed.). Prometheus. pp. 127–131. ISBN 978-1-57392-979-0.
106. ^ Colman, Andrew M. (1987). Facts, Fallacies and Frauds in
Psychology. Unwin Hyman. pp. 195–6. ISBN 978-0-09-173041-3.
107. ^ Hutchinson, Mike (1988). "A Thorn in Geller's
Side". British and Irish Skeptic (July/August): 2–4.
108. ^ Brian, Denis (2000-11). The
Voice of Genius: Conversations with Nobel Scientists and Other Luminaries.
New York: Basic Books, imprint of Perseus Books. p. 288. ISBN 978-0-7382-0447-5.
". . . parapsychologists are studying some of the unusual events recorded
in the Bible: changing water into wine could be called psychokinesis; . . .
People have spoken of such things from early times and they seem to occur in
every civilization."
109. ^ Heath, Pamela Rae, M.D., Psy.D. (2003-07). The
PK Zone: A Cross-Cultural review of Psychokinesis. Bloomington,
Indiana: iUniverse. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-595-27658-5.
"Religion has seemed to provide fertile ground for both spontaneous and
intentional PK. Every great religious tract of mankind includes stories of
people with the ability to heal and to multiply food, such as the Bible says
were performed by Jesus Christ."
110. ^ Guiley, Rosemary
Ellen (1989). The Encyclopedia of Witches and
Witchcraft. New York: Facts On File. p. 201. ISBN 0-8160-1793.
"In hauntings, witches, poltergeists, and fairies have been blamed for
levitating people, animals, and objects."
111. ^ Newall, Venetia; Richard Mercer Dorson (1974). The
Encyclopedia of Witchcraft & Magic. New York: The Dial Press.
p. 121. ISBN 978-0-8037-2343-6.
"He performed many feats of magic, sailing through the ocean in a house of
glass and transporting Stonehenge across the sea from Ireland."
112. ^ 1
"http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie-awards-and-nominations/carrie.3
1". Retrieved September 30, 2011.
113. ^ 2
"http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie-awards-and-nominations/resurrection.5/?ipp=15
2". Retrieved September 30, 2011.
§
To stretch a plank: a survey
of psychokinesis, Diana Robinson, Nelson-Hall, 1981.
§
William Braud (2003-12). Distant
mental influence: its contributions to science, healing, and human interactions.
Hampton Roads Pub Co Inc. ISBN 978-1-57174-354-1.
§
Richard John Wiseman
(1997). Deception & self-deception: investigating psychics. ISBN 978-1-57392-121-3.
§
Charles T. Tart; Huston Smith,
Kendra Smith (2009-03-15). The
end of materialism: how evidence of the paranormal is bringing science and
spirit together. Ions / Nhp. ISBN 978-1-57224-645-4.
§
Diane Hennacy Powell
(2009-01-13). The ESP Enigma: The Scientific Case for Psychic Phenomena.
Walker & Company.ISBN 978-0-8027-1606-4.
§
Lynne McTaggart
(2007-12-18). The Field: The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe.
Harper Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-06-143518-8.
§
James Randi
(1982-06-01). Flim-flam!: psychics, ESP, unicorns, and other delusions.
Pyr Books. ISBN 978-0-87975-198-2.
§
James Houran; Rense Lange
(2001-06-30). Hauntings and poltergeists: multidisciplinary
perspectives. McFarland & Company.ISBN 978-0-7864-0984-6.
§
Thomas Gilovich (1993). How
we know what isn't so: the fallibility of human reason in everyday life.
Free Press. ISBN 978-0-02-911706-4.
§
The Journal of Non-Locality and
Remote Mental Interactions A journal of PK-related research papers published by EmergentMind.org.
§
Examining Psychokinesis: The Interaction of Human
Intention With Random Number Generators – A Meta-Analysis by Holger Bösch, Fiona Steinkamp, and Emil Boller, Psychological Bulletin, 132, 497-523, 2006.
§
Solar-periodic full moon effect in the Fourmilab
RetroPsychoKinesis Project experiment data: an exploratory study by Eckhard Etzold Journal of
Parapsychology, Fall 2005.
§
Does Psi Exist and Can We prove
It: Belief and Disbelief in Psychokinesis Research by Eckhard Etzold, presented at the Parapsychological Association
Convention 2004.
§
Material Deformation by
Intention by Jack
Houck, presented at the Science of Whole Person Healing Conference, March 28,
2003.
§
"Can Our Intentions Interact Directly with
the Physical World?" by William G. Braud, European Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 10,
1994.
§
"A review of psychokinesis (PK)" by
Edward Girden (1962). Psychological
Bulletin 59 (5) pages
353-388 doi:10.1037/h0048209
§
The Persistent Paradox of Psychic Phenomena: An
Engineering Perspective[dead
link] by Robert G. Jahn, (1982) Proceedings IEEE, 70, No.2, pp. 136–170.
§
"Mind over matter: Perceived success at
psychokinesis" by Victor A. Benassi, Paul D. Sweeney, and Gregg E. Drevno (1979).Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (8) pp. 1377–1386. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.8.1377
§
Psychokinesis and Its Possible Implication to Warfare
Strategy A 1985 study
on potential military applications of psychokinesis by the U.S. Army Command
and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas USA. Listed at the U.S. Defense Technical Information Center's website
and available to the public through the U.S. National Technical Information
Service.
§
Teleportation Physics Study A study published in 2004 that reviews the current state research of
real and hypothetical methods of teleportation. Includes a section titled PK phenomenon. Conducted by Eric Davis of Warp Drive Metrics,
Nevada and sponsored by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at Edwards AFB,
California. Available publicly on the Federation of American Scientists
website.
§
New Correlation Between a Human
Subject and a Quantum Mechanical Random Number Generator A 1967 study by Helmut Schmidt conducted at the Boeing Scientific
Research Laboratory in Seattle, Washington USA that concluded: "From the
results, it is tentatively concluded that there exists a weak but significant
correlation between the statistical processes operative in these experiments
and the experimenter who initiates the processes." Listed at the U.S. Defense Technical Information Center's website
and available to the public through the U.S. National Technical Information
Service.
§
"The Princeton Engineering
Anomalies Research (PEAR)" entry in the online edition of the Skeptic's Dictionary by philosopher Robert Todd Carroll.
§
Mind Over Matter Study An invitation by the Rhine Research Center of Durham, North Carolina USA
to submit reports of PK as part of an academic research study.
§
Hollywood Telekinesis and Psychokinesis Movie List Includes the "List of Cultural References to Psychokinesis and
Telekinesis" that was formerly on Wikipedia.
§
Can you kill a goat by staring
into its eyes? Daily Mail, October 23, 2009. In depth article on the U.S. military's psychic
"super-soldier" program with emphasis on DMILS (Direct Mental
Interaction with Living Systems).
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